New Camera Technology by Brady Duggan

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/theres-no-hiding-new-camera

New camera technology shows that we can detect objects through a camera that is not in the camera’s view. Using a laser projected on the ground and a very electromagnetic wave sensitive camera, you can determine where an object is that is not in the camera’s field of view. The laser is pointed at the ground and sends a wave around and then bounces off the object and is sent back to the camera. The camera can then determine the position of the object.

Video:

https://youtu.be/Pi7iCUSXctY

What do you think this could be used for?

How will this technology help us?

Is Sneaker Innovation Changing How We Move? by Sean Fisher

Is Sneaker Innovation Changing How We Move?

Sneaker technology has found of new way of making running shoes more comfortable and increase your speed, and traction by using waffle iron. The idea was discovered when Nike co-founder Bill Bowerman was trying to figure out how he could make a shoe with more traction but did not want to place spikes on the bottom of the shoes. Bill's wife was making breakfast one day and when he took a look at his food he studied the structure of the waffle. Bowerman used the waffle maker and poured rubber into it this became a successful decision for the company to sell shoes made with waffle iron. LED lights are also being installed in the sneakers through the laces which is new for shoes because LED lights are mostly used for vehicles.

Would you wear a pair of running shoes made with waffle iron?

Do you think they will be better shoes?

http://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/is-sneaker-innovation-changing-how-we-move/

Why Science Does Not Disprove God by Noah Whalen

Why Science Does Not Disprove God

The Big Bang theory was created by a Catholic priest named George Lamator, who was also an Astronomer and physics teacher. Amir Aczel, the author of “Why Science Does Not Disprove God” wrote the book because he believed many people think of science and religion as separate even though they may not be, and to protect the integrity of science. The first point given in the podcast was that something can’t come from nothing. There has never been nothing, ever. Everything in the universe is so intricate and well structured, there is reason behind the chaos and science helps to uncover the unknown. The more we learn, the more unlikely that the structures we find are created on it’s own. Why does everything work out? Science will probably never prove or disprove God. God comes with the idea of faith, and so do all of our theories about the universe. People who believe the theories have faith in them. Aczel personally believes in a God who reveals himself in the harmony of all that exists but not in a God who concerns himself with the fate and the doings of mankind. the state of science right now is not at the place where it can say there is no God.

1. Do you believe in God? Why or why not?
2. Why do you think science may never prove or disprove a God?
3. What is faith?

http://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/amir-aczel-why-science-does-not-disprove-god/

Lucid Dreaming by Tim Lewis

Lucid Dreaming

Lucid Dreaming is your chance to play with extraordinary activities which are activated through unused parts buried in your brain.  Even though the term "lucid" means clear, lucid dreaming is more than just having a clear dream. To have a lucid dream you must know that it’s a dream while you’re dreaming. It doesn't require that you can control anything in your dream, though control is what beginning lucid dreamers often aim at. People get attracted to lucid dreaming because they want to be able to do things they could never do in reality, for example, taste fire or fly to the sun. More and more experienced lucid dreamers are realizing the benefits of lucid dreaming. You can use this to measure boundaries of your imagination and the limits of the universe.


What are some techniques one can use to try and become a lucid dreamer?

What are some of the personal benefits one can have from lucid dreaming?

Israel’s Solar Panels by Jacob Berry

Israel’s Solar Panels

Right now Israel is planning to build the world's largest solar power plant. This will be placed in the Negev (a large area of desert). This is really stunning because Israel is roughly the size of New Jersey and is creating largest Solar Power Plant in the World.

The site for all of the solar panels in going to be 1000 acres of land which is roughly 1.5 square miles. This site will be able to supply 500 megawatts at the end of the project. To put this into perspective 80 megawatts is enough to supply 160 thousand people with energy and Israel is planning to build one with 500 megawatts. That is enough energy to provide one million people with clean, and renewable energy.

Hypothetically if Israel had 87 square miles filled with solar panels they could generate enough energy to supply power to the whole country of 8 million people. This project is an incredible step towards effective renewable energy.

Questions:

1. Why doesn't the United States start to develop a network of solar panels?
2. How large a piece of land do you think we would need to power all  the people in the USA?

http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/45123#.Vk89gnpOI4Y

What is Sleep Paralysis, and is it real? by Stephanie Ruiz

What is Sleep Paralysis, and is it real?

Sleep Paralysis is the sensation of not being able to move when falling asleep or waking up. Your mind is alert and your eyes can see, but the rest of your body is paralysed. Hallucinations are very common, these range from hearing things, sensing a presence and seeing “demons” in the room. On average these experiences last anywhere from a few seconds to a few minutes, in some rare cases they may even last hours. Sleep paralysis is harmless but it may lead to anxiety and difficulty sleeping. Some people may experience sleep paralysis once or twice in their life, others may have it more often. It's more common among teenagers and young adults.

When you sleep your body releases chemicals to stop you from thrashing around during REM, when your experience vivid dreams. This chemical locks down everything in your body except your eyes and your diaphragm, so you won’t act your your dreams. This chemical release may still occur when you are waking up causing you to not be able to move.

There is no cure for sleep paralysis but by getting regular sleep and not using your phone or watching tv before you sleep can help relieve this.

At the beginning of this year, a documentary called The Nightmare was made, which focuses on sleep paralysis and it gives the viewer a sense of what happens when someone goes through this phenomenon.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoPsjWqvwT4

1. Have any of you experienced sleep paralysis? If yes, can you tell what you experienced?

2. Why do you think this affects teens and young adults more?

The Wonders of the Milky Way by Max McGowan

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/early-stars-found-swirling-milky-way-center

The Wonders of the Milky Way

All over the galaxy we can find remnants of stars and other particles that have been around since the beginning of the universe, but recently astronomers have found starts at the very center of our galaxy since the beginning times. In Australia, 23 stars with very low metal content (a sign of very early stars) were found at the center of our galaxy. Such a high number surprised many astronomers because there are a lot of stars and gases in the galaxy’s jam-packed center, finding these stars is like “finding a needle in a haystack.” The star with the least amount of iron had one ten-thousandth as much iron as the sun. That’s like if you took all the iron in the sun and compressed it, you’d get a fist-sized rock. In comparison, if you did the same thing to the low-iron star, you’d get a tiny pebble. All of these stars of which have a very tight orbit around the center of the Milky way. Astonishingly, the oldest star found in the small cluster is estimated to be around 13.2 billion years old

Questions

1. Since we have found such old stars in the middle of our galaxy, is it possible that we could find other interesting things?
2. Do you think since these stars are so old, the if they were to explode from such a far distance, would it affect earth in any way?

Endorphins or Endocannabinoids Give That High by Nick Grove

Endorphins or Endocannabinoids Give That High

Endocannabinoids are, essentially, internally produced cannabis. Cannabis contains cannabinoid molecules. So for the new study,researchers with the Central Institute of Mental Health at the University of Heidelberg medical school in Mannheim, Germany, rounded up healthy lab mice, tested their anxiety levels by putting them in cages with pockets of darkness and light (anxious animals stick to the shadows), and then gave them running wheels. Mice generally like running, engaging in the activity even when they are not being pursued. That suggests, researchers believe, that they gain some kind of reward from it, experiencing the mouse version of a runner's high. That possibility was borne out in the new experiment, when the scientists noted elevated levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids in the animals' bloodstreams after running. The scientists also found that the animals were more tranquil after running, spending more time in lighted areas within their cages something that anxious, twitchy animals won't do and that they were more pain tolerant when exposed to slight physical discomfort.In general, these mice were more chill than before. But when the researchers used drugs to block the workings of some of the animals' endocannabinoid system, so that receptors in the animals' brains couldn't take up the molecules, their post-run cool disappeared. The animals proved to be as anxious after running as they had been before, and very sensitive to pain. Without a working endocannabinoid system, they developed no runner's high. However, when the researchers similarly blocked the animals response to endorphins, while leaving their endocannabinoid system unchanged, the mice enjoyed all of the soothing effects of running. They were calmer in their cages afterward and seemed to experience less pain. Even without the ability to respond to endorphins, in other words, they were more relaxed after running, strongly suggesting that endorphins do not contribute to the high, but endocannabinoids do.

What are other activities do you think release endorphins?

Do you think people that don't exercise are more stressed and uptight then people that do?

If endorphins didn't exist what would daily life be like interacting with others?

http://www.nwaonline.com/news/2015/oct/19/study-endorphins-lack-euphoria-bond-201/

Eating meat and cancer by Grant Evans

Years of evidence and studies have just linked meat eating specifically processed meats to help cause cancer. It has been found that salting, curing, fermenting, or smoking meat can be a Group 1 carcinogen, which includes smoking and asbestos. Although the eating meat is not as risky as smoking but can still cause cancer. Research suggest that 66 out of 1000 people will get bowel cancer the ones eating the most processed meats receiving cancer. Also the eating of red meat is considered probably carcinogenic. Research recommends eating no more than 500 grams of red meat a week. Curing and smoking meat can cause DNA damage and the way some meat is cooked can cause cellular damage.

Do you think that there are other things we do/eat everyday that are bad for us?

Will this limit your intake of meat?

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/eating-meat-officially-raises-cancer-risk

Magnets might "unlock" parlayzed arm after stroke Jake Dunbar

Strokes are very serious and, unfortunately, very common occurrences in the US. A stroke results from either blocked blood flow which cuts off the circulation to the brain or a burst blood vessel which leads to even more extensive damage. Over 90 percent of these stroke victims will encounter some type of limb paralysis which can be anywhere from complete paralysis to moderate paralysis in limbs. Until recently, doctors had tried to strengthen the hindered limbs through exercise but no strength could be gained. In the past month, scientists have discovered a new type of rehabilitation that could allow serious paralysis victims to regain movement in their limbs. While the patient focuses on grabbing an object, magnetic stimulation is applied to the active part of their brain, allowing the action and the active part of the brain to act simultaneously. So far, the results of this have been very positive in serious paralysis victims, however, the procedure does not work as well in moderate cases.

Could this discovery lead to better treatment for completely paralyzed people?

What can we learn about our brain from this new treatment?

What other purposes could magnetic treatment serve?

http://www.livescience.com/52554-magnet-stimulation-unlocks-paralyzed-arm-stroke.html

Colors by Jack Durfee

It is a question that most people have pondered at one time or another. Does everyone view colors in the same way? Of course there are people with color blindness and other disorders that can change their perception of color. People can take Protanope and Deutanope tests that can test their color blindness. We know that each person has a specific set of rods and cones which activate in a certain pattern in our retina that allows us to see color. But amongst everyone else with normal color vision, can we ever truly be sure that we are all seeing exactly the same thing as each other?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evQsOFQju08

Why do you think that color blind people can’t see color?

Does everyone view colors in the same way?

Could you ever describe a color in a way that would make that person see the color in their mind?

Jupiter's red spot by Hannah Zenk

A new collection of photos from the Hubble Space Telescope came out of Jupiter. This is part of a new campaign to take photos of the outer planets yearly. It would help show the changes of the planets. As the new photos of Jupiter came in, scientists noticed some major changes. When we think of Jupiter, we think of the Great Red Spot. This is basically a gigantic hurricane far larger than our entire planet. The new photos show the Great Red Spot shrinking. Scientist have know for a long time that the spot is shrinking but it is shrinking slower than first thought. Then, right next to the Great Red Spot they noticed cyclonic storms, which are circulating patterns several thousand kilometers across. These are waves, made of streams of gas that bobble up and down like waves in the ocean. Similar to baroclinic waves in earth's atmosphere. Which are rapidly rotating stratified fluid.

1. If the Great Red Spot took up a good portion of Jupiter, do you think it would affect us here on earth?
2. Do you think there is any way we could live on Jupiter?
3. Do you think the Great Red Spot will ever go away?

http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2015/10/16/jupiter_new_annual_photos_reveal_loads_of_detail.html

Superfluid Helium by Dakota Layman

Superfluid Helium

You may have heard of superfluids before but let me recap by saying that superfluids are made from elements that are gas at room temperature and put at such a cold temperature that they become liquid. But after the point where most elements would freeze, superfluids like helium will continue to stay liquid. These strange superfluids seem to defy physics, although they do technically follow the rules. They can do things like flowing through molecule thin cracks and climbing the walls of their container. Basically the fluid, rather than combining into a solid and staying still, will continue to have some movement no matter how cold they get. They will however be moving little enough to move through molecule thin cracks in their container. Helium becomes a superfluid at around 2-3 kelvin.

What are some ways that superfluids could actually help?

What other elements besides helium can become superfluids?

Is there any other thing that could happen at extremely low temperatures?

http://www.iflscience.com/physics/supercooled-helium-does-things-dont-seem-possible

https://youtu.be/2Z6UJbwxBZI

Why do we find the universe so miserably desolate? by Andrew Powell

  

Why do we find the universe so miserably desolate? Life has had billions of years to evolve, advance, and spread, but we can seem to find it. The Fermi Paradox questions as to why that is. Some of the potential 100 billion billion earth like planets in our universe should have billions of years more than us to advance to a technological level unimaginable to us. At our current rate of advancement some civilization out there should have a virtual mastery or the universe by now. There’s something called The Kardashev Scale, which helps us group intelligent civilizations into three broad categories by the amount of energy they use:

A Type I Civilization has the ability to use all of the energy on their planet.

A Type II Civilization can harness all of the energy of their host star.

A Type III Civilization blows the other two away, accessing power comparable to that of the entire Milky Way galaxy.

With a generation spaceship that could travel for about 1000 years a civilization could colonize the Milky Way galaxy in a mere 3.75 million years, a virtual blink of the eye in the cosmic timeline. But still we can find anyone who is attempting that, or evidence of a failed attempt. The Fermi Paradox is obviously unsolved but the scientific community has some thought provoking possible solutions.

1. There simply is no one else out there. Saying that humanity is some sort of glitch in an empty universe. This idea is backed by the conceptual Great Filter or the thought that there is some sort of boundary between the pre-life and stage III that life cannot overcome. Depending on where in the timeline the filter lies we are either rare, first, or doomed to extinction.
2. Super-intelligent life could very well have already visited Earth, but before we were here.
3. The galaxy has been colonized, but we just live in some desolate rural area of the galaxy.
4. The entire concept of physical colonization is a hilariously backward concept to a more advanced species.
5. There’s plenty of activity and noise out there, but our technology is too primitive and we’re listening for the wrong things.
6. We are receiving contact from other intelligent life, but the government is hiding it.
7. We’re completely wrong about our reality. There are a lot of ways we could just be totally off with everything we think. The universe might appear one way and be something else entirely, like a hologram. Or maybe we’re the aliens and we were planted here as an experiment or as a form of fertilizer. There’s even a chance that we’re all part of a computer simulation by some researcher from another world, and other forms of life simply weren’t programmed into the simulation.

What would be your solution to the paradox?

Now knowing about this, does it change your perception of the universe?

http://waitbutwhy.com/2014/05/fermi-paradox.html

How Science Explains Ghosts by Daihana Jimenez

How Science Explains Ghosts

Scientists did experiments to show that ghosts are probably just an illusion created by the mind, that is when the mind is dealing with illness or stress. The scientists believe that people that experienced sensations of spirits around them had either a physical or emotional pain that they were dealing with. So what the scientists did in Switzerland were test out some of those theories.

How they made the artificial ghosts were the scientists set up a robot device, that would allow the volunteers to control the movements of a joined mechanical arm with their index fingers. The movements relayed to another robot arm, that would touch the volunteers backs. Each volunteer was blindfolded, there were 12 of them. When they were questioned about how they were feeling, several reported of the feeling of something was close to them or watching them.

Out of the 12 participates, two were so disturbed by the 'artificial ' ghosts, that they had asked the scientists to halt the macabre experiment. Before the experiment was conducted, the researchers had carried out brain scans on 12 patients that had neurological disorders and in the past they encountered what the scientists called FOPs. FOPs means feelings of presence.

So what they wanted to do was show that ghosts are just in our minds, but even with the study some people still believe in ghosts.

Do you believe in ghosts?Why?

Have you ever thought to experience something paranormal?

Do you think that this study did a good job explaining why some people think they have seen a ghost?

Sources

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-2824134/Scientists-create-GHOSTS-lab-Volunteers-brains-tricked-thinking-s-creepy-presence-room.html

http://www.gizmag.com/artificial-ghost-apparitions-epfl/34643/

Virtual Reality by Jon Levinson

1. Therapy for amputees and stroke victims

Virtual reality systems might eventually help people who have lost an arm or a leg and experience excruciating sensations known as phantom limb pain. One man missing an arm reported a dramatic reduction in pain after an experimental treatment in which muscle signals from the end of his arm controlled a virtual limb, according to a case study detailed last month in the journal Frontiers in Neuroscience. That study simply used a computer screen rather than more immersive virtual reality goggles, but other researchers in Vienna have been using the Oculus Rift headset to examine how such a system could help amputees learn to use a new prosthetic limb a sometimes frustrating process.

Virtual reality could also help people who have lost function in one of their arms due to a stroke. A 2011 study found that people who had suffered a stroke were more likely to boost their arm strength if they played virtual reality games than if they underwent a standard course of physical therapy.

2. Controlling robots on Mars

Researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena, Calif., recently unveiled a rig that allows an operator to use the oculus rift headset to see through the eyes of a robot avatar. The system also includes Kinect 2 motion-sensing software from Xbox One, which picks up the operator's gestures to move the robot's arm. It's not hard to imagine that one day such a system could allow humans on Earth to intimately control robots millions of miles away, in places like on Mars. Oculus Rift goggles have already been used to look at Mars virtually. Paired with the Virtuix Omni treadmill, the headset allowed JPL researchers to take a simulated stroll on the Red Planet using a 3D environment stitched together from images taken by the Mars rover Curiosity.

1.    Could we use virtual reality to connect people in ways we have never done before

2.    Could we ever live in a matrix type reality?

3.    What are some ways we can use this technology to improve our future?

http://www.livescience.com/44384-oculus-rift-virtual-reality-uses-beyond-gaming.html

The Goliath Bird Eating Spider by Isaiah Dupree

The Goliath Bird Eating Spider is argueably one of the biggest spider in the world. This massive spider can be found in nothern South america, Brazil, Venezuela, and other places where there are wet swamps and marsh areas within a rainforest. The Goliath Bird Eating Spider got its name from Victorian era explorers who witnessed the huge spider eating a hummingbird. This spider has a leg span of 11 inches that is about the size of a dinner plate. It can weigh up to 6oz. Despite this spider’s large body it’s eyes are still very poor same as a regular spider. The Goliath Bird Eating Spider relies on its sensory hairs that are spread all over its body to feels the vibration on the ground and also the vibration in the air to warn him that either prey or a predator is near. The spider tends to not travel as far away from its home which is located under the ground. A female can have up to 50 eggs whereas your normal sized spider can lay up to 1000. These spiders can be considered very aggressive. They make hissing noises and stand on its hind legs in threat position to fend off potential dangers. The Goliath Bird Eating spider has its natural predators such as other spiders and snakes but its biggest enemy is the human.

Questions

• If this spider goes extinct how will its ecosystem be affected?

• Who do people have a natural fear of spiders regardless of its size?

• How do you think a spider would feel if you touched it?

Cites

http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/goliath_bird_eating_spider.htm - Article

http://cdn.inquisitr.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/arachnopephobia-hand-massive-spider-141018.jpg -Picture

In The Brain, Romantic Love Is Basically An Addiction by Ariella Mahoney

Love is often referred to as an “addiction”. Like any other addiction, there are many behavior patterns that have been evident since the 12th-century. Around the world, people are willing to live, die, or even kill for love. Lovers will often times become obsessed with their beloved. They will also have intense motivation and fixation on this person. They experience a distortment in reality, a change in their priorities as well as their daily habits. These changes are often to please or accommodate the person they love. This also comes with the willingness to sacrifice or even die for that person. This love can invoke a dependance on that person as well as separation anxiety and frustration attraction. In psychological studies, lovers were seen to exhibit craving, tolerance, withdrawal, and relapse, which are the four basic traits of addiction. After a break up, the  experiences were similar to those of drug withdrawal. This includes protest, crying, anxiety, insomnia, loss of appetite or binge eating. Lovers will also end up going to extremes to win back their lovers. If this is unsuccessful, certain triggers, (even long after the relationship), such as songs, people, events, places, or other cues associated with their past lover can cause a relapse of memories. Thus, adding love to the list of addictions.

How would you describe love?

Do you believe that this was a valid psychological study? Why or why not.

How do you believe this study helps us to understand the human mind?

http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2015/02/13/love-addiction-brain/#.VgW7CTZdGP8

Paralyzed Man Can 'Feel' Again with Brain-Connected Prosthetic Hand by Cameron Rutledge

Prosthetic limbs have been around for hundreds of years, but just recently the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) developed a prosthetic hand that allowed a paralyzed man to control the robotic limb with his mind and even feel what the prosthetic touches. The man (who had been paralyzed for more than a decade) had electrodes attached to his sensory cortex (the part of the brain used for identifying touching sensations) and his motor cortex (the part of the brain that controls body movements). Wires were then run to the prosthetic, connecting the man to the machine. Through this the man was able to use his thoughts to manipulate the prosthetic in the same way a hand would be used normally. Additionally he could sense when the hand was being touched by something, even when he was blindfolded. DARPA's program manager Justin Sanchez said that prosthetic limbs controlled by thoughts and that can feel "shows the potential for seamless bio-technological restoration of near-natural function".

Questions:

How essential do you think this technology is?

What do you think is the most important use of this technology (Medical, Manufacturing, Military)?

Should this be covered in insurance?

How do you think this may effect sports?

http://www.livescience.com/52199-brain-connected-prosthetic-restores-feeling.html

Baby Blue by Sara Delano

Baby Blue

When a baby is born they often have blue eyes; but why is that? The pigment known Melanin is what determines the color of our eyes, and when we are born our bodies have not finished producing this pigment. Blue eyes are caused by a lower amount of melanin; this means that the more melanin the greener, even more melanin means browns eyes.

Why do some people produce more Melanin than others?

How does Melanin change the color of an eye?

Do more people have brown, green, or blue eyes?

http://indianapublicmedia.org/amomentofscience/baby-blues/

http://www.wallpaperseries.com/kids/baby-with-blue-eyes-hd-wallpaper.html

DNA bunny by Joe West

DNA has been the most fascinating part of genetics in organisms. But now,
scientists are Building tiny figures with DNA. Due to the new technology scientists
have available, they have used 3D printers to craft DNA into almost anything you
could imagine. This new material of DNA is called a nanostructure which forms
DNA into any object from 2D sheets to even more complex models like stars and
smiley faces. But before taking the artwork to the printer they first have to design it
from scratch. To develop a design they use the art of DNA origami. For example,to
form a bunny, they first used 3d software to create meshes which are the shapes
that form to make the bunny. After they connected the meshes through an
algorithm they developed, they had one final step: making sure the staple-a
long DNA strand that holds other strands together in key areas and allows those
selected DNA strands to self assemble). It's a long process to create just one of
these DNA figures, and every time a new one comes out it's a masterpiece in the
field of science.

Q1How has this changed your view of the uses of DNA?
Q2If you had a chance to design a nanostructure (like the bunny) what would you
like to create and why?

http://www.sciencefriday.com/blogs/08/26/2015/pictureoftheweekdnabunny.html?series=31

How animals hacked the rainbow and got stumped on blue

Write your own hot topics summary and post it as a comment!

http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/12/347736896/how-animals-hacked-the-rainbow-and-got-stumped-on-blue

Eye shapes of animals can tell us about their lifestyles

Scientists have recently discovered that the shape of an animals' pupil is very closely related to their behaviors and niche in the world.  Predators tend to have pupils that are vertical slits (like your pet cat).  But, this only applies if they are short, and therefore their eyes are closer to the ground.  For taller animals that hunt for food, pupils tend to be more round.  For animals that are usually prey, horizontal pupils tend to be more common.  But, it turns out this is only useful when an animal's pupils are parallel to the ground.  The scientists were curious what happens when an animal moves it head down to eat (like a deer eating grass).  They decided to look at animal's eyes while they were moving their head.  They discovered that their eyes actually rotate in their heads!  The eyes rotate to keep the pupil parallel to the ground.

Why might this be useful information to know?
What does this tell us about human beings?
Who might be interested in this information other than scientists?



http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/08/07/430149677/eye-shapes-of-the-animal-world-hint-at-differences-in-our-lifestyles